Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs, by the use of pedals at the base of the instrument. When the key is released, a damper stops the strings' vibration, ending the sound. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the strings continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. Pressing one or more keys on the piano's keyboard causes a wooden or plastic hammer (typically padded with firm felt) to strike the strings. Ī piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame. The first fortepianos in the 1700s allowed for a quieter sound and greater dynamic range than the harpsichord. ![]() ![]() The Italian musical terms piano and forte indicate "soft" and "loud" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack. The English word "piano" as used for this musical instrument is a shortened form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from clavicembalo col piano e forte (key cimbalom with quiet and loud) and fortepiano. It was invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt some early pianos used leather). Problems playing this file? See media help.
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